These conditions for sale set out the terms on which We offer the Lots listed in this catalogue for sale on behalf of sellers, and if you make a successful bid, will form a contract for sale between you and the seller.
By participating in this online auction, you acknowledge that you are bound by these conditions for sale as listed below and on the Website saffronart.com. You will find a glossary at the end explaining the meanings of the words and expressions which are in bold.
1. Eligibility and Compliance:
1.1 We have been granted a valid licence under the Antiquities Act and Rules for conducting the auction of Lots which are Antiquities and for dealing in Antiquities as a part of the Lots being auctioned.
1.2 We have verified the valid registration of the Antiquities in the name of the relevant sellers as required under the Antiquities Act and the Rules.
1.3 We will have no ownership interest in any Lot which is an Antiquity, till the receipt of full payment by Us in respect of such Antiquity from a winning bidder in accordance with clause 6.7 below. Upon receipt of full payment by Us from the winning bidder, the ownership of the Antiquity along with its registration (as required under the Antiquities Act) will be transferred/delivered by the seller to the winning bidder in accordance with the provisions of these conditions for sale.
1.4 The possession of the Lots which are Antiquities has passed from the respective sellers to Us within the territory of India in accordance with the provisions of the Antiquities Act and the Rules, and the sellers have intimated the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) of such transfer of possession of the concerned Antiquity from such seller to Our designated premises.
2. Our role as the agent of the Seller:
2.1 We undertake to sell the Lots through this online auction as agents for and on behalf of sellers. Unless stated otherwise, We have no ownership interest in any Lot in this online auction.
2.2 Making a bid online constitutes an irrevocable offer to purchase the Lot and the acceptance of a bid as the winning bid by Us shall result in an enforceable contract of sale between Us, acting solely as the agent of the seller, and the winning bidder.
3. Catalogue Descriptions and Condition of Lot
3.1 We offer all Lots for sale at the auction on an “as is” basis, meaning that each Lot is sold with all existing faults and imperfections. We encourage all potential buyers to inspect each item carefully before bidding.
3.2 Any statements made by Us, including by Our representatives/employees, about any Lot, whether orally or in writing, concerning attribution of such Lot to, for example, any school of art or craftsmanship, country or origin, history, provenance, or condition, are only expressions of Our opinion or belief. Such opinions or beliefs have been formed honestly in accordance with the standard of care expected of an auction house, having due regard to the estimated value of each Lot. We have not carried out any exhaustive research or analysis on any Lot to be sold in this auction, and potential buyers should seek appropriate advice on the condition of each Lot from their own professional advisors.
3.3 For the convenience of bidders, We provide condition reports on Lots upon request, free of charge. The report includes Our bona fide opinion on the condition of the Lot and is not an alternative to viewing and inspecting a Lot by a bidder, or a bidder’s duty to seek independent advice on the Lot, including its description, condition, and authenticity.
3.4 The bidders undertake to:
(i) Inspect and satisfy themselves prior to the auction as to the condition and description of the Lot; (ii) Rely on their own judgment as to whether the Lot matches its description; and (iii) Not rely on an illustration of any Lot given in the Auction Catalogue.
3.5 Size description/s of all the Lots featured in the Auction Catalogue are approximate. We encourage all potential buyers to inspect each item carefully before bidding.
3.6 Neither We nor any of Our Affiliates, agents, representatives, employees, or directors shall be liable for errors or omissions in any of the representations made in the Auction Catalogue or otherwise, with respect to the authenticity, description, or condition of any Lot for sale through this auction.
4. Viewing the Lots and Bidder Registration
4.1 All Lots for sale are featured in the Auction Catalogue. The number listed next to each image is the ‘Lot number’ and should be used as a reference during bidding, or for any information requests. The Lots in this sale may be viewed through any of the following:
(i) Viewings – details listed in the Sales and Enquiries section (ii) The online Auction Catalogue (iii) The printed Auction Catalogue (iv) The mobile Auction Catalogue
4.2 We may withdraw any Lot before, during, or after the online auction, if We have reasons to believe that the authenticity of the Lot or the accuracy of the description of the Lot is in doubt, or if there is a breach of Our terms of business, or if We otherwise believe, in Our sole discretion, that it would be improper to include the Lot in the auction.
4.3 All Lots shall be sold subject to the Reserve Price. If the winning bid is below the Reserve Price, the Lot shall be considered unsold. The Reserve Price on each Lot shall be confidential, and We shall have no obligation to disclose the same to any bidder. Lots sold in “Absolute Auctions” or marked as sold with “No Reserve” are not subject to a Reserve Price and will be sold to the highest bidder, irrespective of the bid amount.
4.4 We have the sole and absolute discretion to: (i) determine the form and content of the descriptions of Lots in the Auction Catalogue, (ii) granting bidding access to a bidder, (iii) recording, rejecting, or accepting bids, and (iv) deciding which bid constitutes the winning bid, if any.
4.5 Online bidding access, and access to the MobileApp and the telephone bidding facility, shall be given at Our discretion and We may set limits on the number of bids that may be made by a bidder and/or require payment guarantees or deposits as a precondition to giving bidding access to a bidder. Bidders will be informed of their bidding limits, if any, and will not be allowed to bid further if their bidding limit has been exhausted.
4.6 Bid updates and time extensions, if any, shall be updated on the Website. On the Website, bidders may refresh bidding values by clicking on the “Refresh” icon or the reload/refresh buttons on their browsers, to view latest bid updates and time extensions, if any. We shall evaluate the bid histories of specific Lot groups periodically to preserve the efficacy of the auction process. This exercise may be conducted by Us internally or through third parties solely at Our discretion.
4.7 All bidders are required to provide complete and accurate invoicing details to Us at the time of registration for the auction and invoicing details once registered will not be changed. The bidder shall be invoiced based on details provided at the time of registering for the auction.
4.8 New bidders are advised to register at least 48 hours prior to the bid. Know-Your-Customer (KYC) documents and/or financial reference letters are required for individual and corporate clients, and We will not grant bidding access if the bidder registration and KYC procedures are not complete.
5. Bidding
5.1 For the convenience of bidders, in particular, bidders who are placing bids on more than one Lot, Lot groups are scheduled to close at different times during the auction.
5.2 The bidding for various Lot groups shall be closed in accordance with the bid closing schedule. However, a bid can be recorded by Us in the 2 minutes prior to the closing time of the Lot. The closing time for such Lot shall be extended to a time that is 2 minutes after the time that the last bid was made. In the event of extension of closing time in accordance with this clause, bidding on the Lot shall only end if no bid is recorded by Us for a continuous period of 2 minutes. Bidders are advised to click on the “Refresh” icon on the Website page being viewed by them or on the “Refresh” button in the browser at regular intervals (in accordance with the provisions of clause 5.4 below) for updates on latest bids and time extensions, if any.
5.3 The Website shall also contain a “My Auction” filtered view of the Auction Catalogue and the bidder may click on this link to access information on all bids made by the bidder in respect of various Lots. For ease of tracking bids, bidders are advised to assign bidding nicknames to themselves. The Website shall contain the bid history for each Lot, being the bid amounts that have been recorded since the start of the auction till the current highest bid; and a countdown clock indicating the amount of time available for placing bids before the closing time.
5.4 The bid history, current bid, and countdown clock shall be accurate at the time of downloading of those values. However, such information shall not reflect any changes in the bid history, current bid, and/or countdown clock that may have occurred during the time taken for this information to reach the bidder’s computer from Our server. The most updated bid values shall be shown only when the information on bid values is refreshed, which shall happen either automatically, or when a bidder clicks on the “Refresh” icon on the Website page, or on the “Refresh” or “Reload” button on his/her internet browser. After the values on the page have been refreshed, any changes in the bid history shall not be visible to the bidder until the values are refreshed again, whether automatically on the Website, or by the bidder.
5.5 When the countdown clock counts down to zero, in the case where the closing time in respect of a particular Lot has been extended by a further 2 minutes pursuant to clause 5.2 above, the countdown clock may not reflect such extension. The bidder may wait for the values on the page to refresh automatically on the Website or click on the “Refresh” icon on the page, or on the “Refresh” or “Reload” button on his/her internet browser after the countdown clock has counted down to zero to determine whether the closing time has been extended for that Lot.
5.6 The countdown clock combined with the current highest bid as shown on the bid history on the Website shall only be an indication of the highest bid amount at the time when the values on the Website were refreshed in the manner set out in clause 4.5 above. Should bidders want more frequent updates, they are advised to refresh values as described in clause 5.5 above in order to view the most updated bid history and countdown clock.
5.7 Bidders may download the MobileApp onto any mobile device that supports Android and iOS and use it to place advance bids. To avail of this service, you must be registered as a bidder. We do not accept any liability in the unlikely event that a bid through the MobileApp is not executed or executed incorrectly.
5.8 The foreign currency exchange rate used is constant during the auction, and has currently been set at 1:82 (USD:INR). Prior to the start of the auction, We may at Our discretion change the exchange rate used, based on fluctuations in market exchange rates. The estimates for individual Lots have been ‘rounded off’ for ease of reference and may not reflect the exact exchange rate used for bid calculations.
5.9 Technical Downtime: In the unlikely event that the Website or MobileApp is inaccessible to bidders or partially disabled due to Technical Downtime at any time during the half an hour prior to the scheduled closing time of the auction for any of the Lot groups, the closing time of that Lot group and subsequent Lot groups will be extended by a duration of thirty (30) minutes. In case the Technical Downtime extends beyond the closing time for a particular Lot group, the Website and the MobileApp, as the case may be, shall, after the Technical Downtime, show the auction for the particular Lot group as closed. However, the closing time for such Lot group and subsequent Lot groups shall be extended by a duration of thirty (30) minutes and appropriate details of the extension shall be published on the Website shortly after recovery from the Technical Downtime. Bids recorded prior to any Technical Downtime will be treated as valid. We may however reopen some or all of the closed Lots in a particular closed Lot group for bidding in the event bidding access to such Lots was unavailable/ unresponsive/ restricted during the Technical Downtime, and appropriate details regarding the reopening of such Lots shall be published on the Website shortly after recovery from the Technical Downtime. We shall not be liable for any loss of information due to the Technical Downtime. The data logs of Our server will determine the duration of the Technical Downtime and any determination made by Us in respect of extension of the closing time shall be final.
5.10 Due to the nature of internet and/or mobile traffic, there may be an unpredictable time-lag between a bidder placing a bid, and that bid being received by Us. Therefore, although a bidder may have placed his/her bid prior to the closing time, the bid may be received by Us after the closing time for the Lot in respect of which the bid has been placed and shall, in such an event, be rejected. In order to prevent bids being rejected in such a manner, bidders may set proxy bids/automatic bids on Lots which the bidder wishes to bid for.
5.11 Proxy bids may be recorded with Us 12 hours prior to the closing time, subject to the other provisions of these conditions for sale, including any limits imposed by Us on the number of bids that a bidder may place. Proxy bids are accepted from bidders once they have been given bidding access for the auction and may be entered prior to auction start and up until the auction closes.
Once a bid is registered in Our system, whether placed by an active bidder or by proxy, it is immediately and automatically displayed for all registered users to see.
5.12 Bidders are advised to keep their login ID and password secure at all times. We will hold the bidder responsible for all bids placed using their login ID and password, whether via the Website or through the MobileApp. Bidders choosing to bid via telephone are advised to re-set their passwords at the close of the auction.
5.13 Our employees may not bid in the auction once the auction has started. They may, however, submit an absentee/proxy bid for an amount which may be equal to or above the lower estimate of a Lot before the auction commences. Once the auction has started, they may not increase their bid or alter it in any way. Our employees may also bid in charity auctions that are held on the auction platform.
5.14 Our auction platform does not allow any bids to be placed by Us on behalf of a seller. All bids recorded are from registered bidders.
5.15 We have the right to exercise reasonable discretion in setting bid increments, refusing any bid, advancing the bidding, withdrawing, or dividing any Lot, combining any two or more Lots, and in the case of error or dispute, during or after the sale, determining the successful bidder, continuing the bidding, cancelling the sale, or reoffering and reselling the item in dispute. If any dispute arises after the sale, then, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, the sale record maintained by Us will be conclusive.
5.16 We reserve the right not to award the winning bid to the bidder with the highest bid at the closing date if We deem it necessary to do so.
5.17 We shall retain the right to display the results of the sale and Lot details sold by Us, including catalogue descriptions and prices on the Website at all times, after the completion of the sale. We regret that We cannot agree to requests to remove these details from the Website.
5.18 At Our discretion, proxy bids submitted on “no reserve” Lots will be executed at a minimum of 10% of the lower estimate of the relevant Lot if there is no competing bid and provided that the proxy bid amount is greater than such minimum value. Notwithstanding the above, in the event that there is a bid lower than such minimum value and there is no competing higher bid, then We may, at Our discretion, execute the Lot at such lower value.
6. Completing the Purchase
6.1 We will raise invoices on the winning bidder for the Sale Price and Buyer’s Premium, applicable taxes on sale of the Lots and other additional charges that may be incurred by Us, if any, including shipping and handling of the Lots and additional levies.
6.2 (i) The title to all Lots marked with shall pass from the seller to Us outside the territory of the United States of America.
6.2 (ii) The title to the Lots other than mentioned in 6.2 (i) above shall pass to the winning bidder at the time that bidding is closed for each Lot and such winning bidder shall thereafter assume full risk and responsibility for such Lot. In any event, the Lots purchased will not be released or shipped out to the winning bidder or his/her representative until the winning bidder has fulfilled his payment and other obligations as described in these conditions for sale.
6.3 For Lots which are not Antiquities, the title to the Lots purchased shall pass to the winning bidder at the time that bidding is closed for each Lot and such winning bidder shall thereafter assume full risk and responsibility for such Lot(s). In any event, Lots purchased will not be released or shipped out to the winning bidder or his/her representative until the winning bidder has fulfilled his/her payment and other obligations as described in these conditions for sale.
6.4 (i) Subject to fulfilment of all these conditions for sale, the title to the Lots which are Antiquities shall pass to the winning bidder upon full payment by the winning bidder to Us, and such winning bidder assumes full risk and responsibilities thereafter. However, since We cannot deliver possession of the Antiquity to a third person prior to transferring the ownership along with valid registration to such third person in accordance with the provisions of the Antiquities Act and the Rules, subject to receipt by Us of full payment and of the duly signed requisite forms and documents from the winning bidder required for the purpose of transferring the ownership along with registration of the Antiquity to the winning bidder, We shall make best endeavours to transfer/deliver such Antiquity to the winning bidder within 90 days from the date of the receipt of full payment, and transfer papers from the winning bidder. The winning bidders are hereby made aware that the process for transfer of ownership along with registration from one person to the other in accordance with the provisions of the Antiquities Act and the Rules is a process administered by the Archaeological Survey of India and may take longer than the envisaged period of 90 days. We will not be responsible for any delays involved in transfer/delivery of ownership along with registration of any Antiquity. In the event that the registering officer or any other employee of the Archaeological Survey of India empowered to execute the transfer of ownership along with registration of an Antiquity insists on sending the duly transferred registration certificate directly to the winning bidder, We will not be responsible for any damage or loss in transit of the said registration certificate. Winning bidders are advised to read and abide by the provisions of the Antiquities Act and the Rules and all notifications issued thereunder from time to time, which are available with the ASI and also at the Website of the ASI (www.asi.nic.in).
6.4 (ii) Lots over a hundred years old, whether registered with the ASI or otherwise, or deemed National Treasures, are NON-EXPORTABLE as per the Antiquities Act and the Rules, and cannot be exported out of India.
6.5 In respect of each sale at the auction, We shall charge a Buyer’s Premium calculated at the rate of (i) 20% of the winning bid value of up to and including INR 20,00,000 (ii) 17% of the winning bid value in excess of INR 20,00,000 up to and including INR 50,00,000 and (iii) 15% of the winning bid value in excess of INR 50,00,000. For loose stones, the Buyer’s Premium is calculated at 5% of the winning bid value. GST applicable on the Buyer’s Premium shall be payable by the winning bidder.
6.6 The winning bidder shall be invoiced based on details provided at the time of registering for the auction. Winning bidders located in India will be invoiced in INR and all other winning bidders will be invoiced in USD. Payments must be made in the currency on the invoice in any of the following modes of payment.
For INR payments (i) Cheque/Demand Draft (iii) RTGS/NEFT (iii) Credit card: Up to the INR equivalent of USD 5,000
For USD payments (i) Cheque (ii) Direct wire transfer (iii) Credit card: Up to USD 5,000
NOTE: Payments in excess of USD 5,000, or its INR equivalent, must be made through a wire transfer or cheque. We and Our Affiliates will not be held responsible for any refusal or failure to accept modes of payment not outlined above.
6.7 The winning bidder shall pay the Sale Price and Buyer’s Premium in full (including the applicable taxes and other charges, if any) within 7 (seven) business days from the date of invoice. Subject to clause 6.4 above, no shipment or delivery of the Lot will be made to the winning bidder if the Sale Price and Buyer’s Premium (including the applicable taxes and other service charges, if any) are not received by Us and until all proper documentation in connection with the sale of the Lot has been completed, and until the ownership along with registration of the Lot has not been transferred from the seller to the winning bidder (in case of Lots which are Antiquities, such transfer being in accordance with the provisions of the Antiquities Act and the Rules). Payments will not be accepted from any parties other than the winning bidder as recorded on the invoice. Due to the prevailing COVID-19 global health crisis, buyers can expect a delay in shipping and delivery of the purchased Lot/s.
6.8 The winning bidder acknowledges that We will abide by any export restrictions that may apply in the countries from where specific Lots will be shipped. The winning bidder shall also be responsible to ensure that the Lot(s) are freely importable into his/her country or to the country where the destination for delivery (as specified by the winning bidder) is located. If the winning bidder or We become aware of any restrictions to such import subsequent to the completion of the auction, the winning bidder shall provide an alternate delivery destination to Us. All costs associated with the process of delivery and storage (when required) of the Lot shall be borne by the winning bidder. The Lot(s) shall be handed over to the winning bidder or his/her nominee only upon full payment of all such costs, subject to clause 6.7 above
6.9 Lots marked as “Art Treasures” and/or “Antiquities” under the Antiquities Act and Rules cannot be exported outside India, notwithstanding that the payment in lieu of such Lots may be received from the winning bidder in USD. If you are the successful bidder for any such Lot, you agree not to export such Lot outside of India. Each winning bidder is solely responsible for meeting the requirements of the Antiquities Act and Rules, or any related state legislation. Please note that the Lots are marked for your convenience only, and We do not accept any liability for errors or for failing to mark the Lots.
6.10 Non-payment: In case payments are not received within 7 business days of each invoice, We shall treat the same as a breach of contract of sale by the winning bidder, and the seller may, in such an event, authorise Us to take any steps (including the institution of legal proceedings), as it may deem to be appropriate to enforce payment by the winning bidder. In addition, the winning bidder will be charged demurrage at 1% of the total value (winning bid plus Buyer’s Premium) or INR 10,000 per month, whichever is higher, till the date of actual payment.
6.11 With respect to Lots which are Antiquities, pursuant to the ownership along with registration of the Antiquity being transferred from Us to the winning bidder in accordance with the provisions of the Antiquities Act and Rules, if the winning bidder informs Us that the winning bidder wishes to collect the Antiquity from Us in person and such Antiquity is not collected by the winning bidder within 30 days of the registration formalities being completed, We shall arrange for storage of the Antiquity at the winning bidder’s expense, and shall only release the Antiquity after payment has been made, in full, of the Sale Price and Buyer’s Premium, including storage and insurance at applicable rates.
6.12 We shall be entitled to exercise a lien on the Lot for payment of any sums due to Us from the winning bidder, including the Sale Price, Buyer’s Premium or costs relating to storage and insurance where they are to be borne by the winning bidder, in relation to any Lot purchased by the winning bidder.
7. Authenticity Guarantee
7.1 We provide a limited guarantee on the authenticity of the Lots for a period of one year from the date of the auction of such Lots. We only guarantee, subject to the qualifications below, the information mentioned in all capital letters in the title heading of the Lot in the Auction Catalogue. We do not guarantee any other attribute of such Lot even if such other attribute is in all capital letters.
7.2 The authenticity guarantee does not apply to title heading or part of a title heading which is qualified. A title heading is qualified when it is limited by a clarification or limitation in all capital letters in the title heading of the Lot in the Auction Catalogue.
7.3 The authenticity guarantee does not apply if the title heading of the Lot in the Auction Catalogue, as on the date of auction or as amended by any saleroom notice, either is in accordance with the generally accepted opinion of experts or indicates that there is a conflict of opinion of such experts.
7.4 The authenticity guarantee does not apply if it is proved that the title heading of the Lot in all capital letters in the Auction Catalogue, is not authentic only by scientific means or processes which, on the date We published the Auction Catalogue, was not generally available or accepted, or which was unreasonably expensive or impractical to use, or which was likely to have caused damage to the Lot, or which was likely to have caused loss of value to the Lot.
7.5 In the unlikely event that within one year from the sale of the Lot through auction, it is proved by the winning bidder, to Our reasonable satisfaction, that the Lot was not authentic and if, in Our opinion, bidders being aware of such error or omission would have bid significantly less than the actual Sale Price, We shall be entitled to rescind the sale, and the seller will be liable to refund to the winning bidder the Sale Price paid for the Lot.
7.6 The guarantee above shall be subject to the following conditions:
(i) The claim is made by the winning bidder as registered with Us and if the winning bidder has owned the Lot continuously between the date of auction and the date of claim (the benefit of the claim is not assignable to any subsequent owners or others who may acquire or have an interest in any of the Lots);
(ii) The concerned property in the Lot is returned to Us in the same condition that it was in at the time of delivery of such property in the Lot to the winning bidder; and
(iii) The concerned property in the Lot is indisputably the same as purchased through the auction.
Once We obtain the refunded amount from the seller, We shall forward the same along with the amount charged by Us as the Buyer’s Premium to the winning bidder. We shall not be accountable to the winning bidder for any taxes, shipping, handling, or any other charges that may have been applicable at any time from the sale of the Lot till the claim.
7.7 All such claims will be handled on a case-by-case basis, and in the case of an authenticity claim, We will require that examinable proof, which clearly demonstrates that the Lot is not authentic, is provided by an established and acknowledged authority. Our decision in respect of such claims shall be final and binding.
7.8 In all cases, We retain the right to consult with, at the expense of the winning bidder, two recognised experts in the field (such experts being mutually acceptable to Us and the winning bidder), to examine the Lot under question before deciding to rescind the sale and offer the refund under the guarantee set out above. The opinion of the experts shall not be binding on Us.
7.9 In the event of the seller’s failure to refund the proceeds as stated in this paragraph, the winning bidder shall return the concerned property in the Lot to Us and authorise Us as its agent to initiate legal proceedings against the seller. Any such steps taken, or legal proceedings instituted by Us against the seller shall be to the cost of the winning bidder.
8. Privacy of Personal Information
8.1 We will maintain the confidentiality of your personal information as disclosed to Us and undertake to not disclose such information to any third party, unless otherwise required by law or a governmental authority.
8.2 The winning bidder agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the information about the seller, including name and address, as mentioned in any Antiquity related document/s.
9. Extent of Our Liability
9.1 We have an obligation to refund the Sale Price and Buyer’s Premium to the winning bidder only in the circumstances described above (in clause 7). Damages to, or losses or loss in value of any of the Lots (excluding frames) incurred during shipping and transit are covered as per the insurance policy obtained by Us. In case the winning bidder opts out of insurance coverage arranged for by Us, We shall not entertain any claims for damage or loss during shipping and transit. Subject to the authenticity guarantee above, neither Our suppliers nor Us, nor any of Our employees or agents, shall be responsible, either for the correctness of any statements as to the authorship, origin, date, age, attributes, or genuineness of any Lot in the sale, or for any mistakes in the description of the Lots, or for any faults or defects in the Lots, or for any other act or omission whatsoever. We offer no guarantee or warranty other than the limited guarantee set out in clause 7 above.
9.2 The rescission of the sale and the refund of the total Sale Price paid by the winning bidder is the sole remedy that may be sought by a winning bidder, and such remedy is exclusive and in lieu of any other remedy which may otherwise be available under law. We shall not be liable for any incidental or consequential damages incurred or claimed.
10. Copyright
All content of Our Auction Catalogue, the print catalogue, e-Catalogue, and content on the Website and MobileApp are copyright protected in favour of “Saffronart”. All trademarks, names, brand names, etc. used in the print Auction Catalogue and on the Website and MobileApp are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Saffronart, or of their respective owners. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved. No image, illustration or written material may be used or required without Our prior written permission. We and the seller(s) make no representation or warranty that the winning bidder of a Lot will acquire any copyright or other reproduction rights in it.
11. Legal Notices
11.1 We may validly serve a bidder with legal notice, if required, under these conditions of sale by:
(i) Sending an email to the email address disclosed by the bidder to Us; or (ii) Sending a courier to the address disclosed by the bidder to Us.
11.2 Such legal notice shall be deemed to have been properly served:
(i) In the case of email transmission – on the date of the transmission; or (ii) In case of transmission by courier – 2 business days after the dispatch of the notice by courier.
12. Waiver
No failure or delay in exercising any right, power, privilege, or remedy under these conditions for sale shall in any way impair or affect the exercise thereof or operate as a waiver thereof in whole or in part. No single or partial exercise of any right, power, privilege, or remedy under these conditions for sale shall prevent any further or other exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power, privilege, or remedy.
13. Severability
If any part of these conditions of sale between the winning bidder and Us is found by any court of law to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, that part may be discounted, and the rest of the conditions shall be enforceable to the fullest extent permissible by law.
14. Governing Law and Jurisdiction
These conditions for sale are subject to the laws of India. All parties are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
15. Symbols used in this catalogue
Lots marked with 
are not situated in India and therefore, may only be bid for and purchased in USD. Persons residing in India, wishing to bid in USD must be eligible under the various foreign exchange regulations to make payments overseas. Please contact Saffronart for further details.
Lots marked with 
indicate that Saffronart owns the Lot in whole or in part or has an economic interest in the Lot equivalent to an ownership interest.
GLOSSARY
Affiliates: Saffron Art Private Limited, Planet Saffron Inc., and their holding or subsidiary companies as on the date of the online auction.
Antiquities Act: The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 and any amendments made thereto from time to time.
Antiquity/Antiquities: An Antiquity as per Section 2 of the Antiquities Act and registered under the provisions of Sections 14 and 16 of the Antiquities Act.
Auction Catalogue: The catalogue published by Us, whether in print, on the MobileApp or on the Website, containing details of the auction along with the description, price, and other details of Antiquities to be offered for sale at such auction. In case of any discrepancy between the print Auction Catalogue, the MobileApp Auction Catalogue, the online Auction Catalogue and/or the e-Catalogue, the online Auction Catalogue, as modified by Us from time to time, shall take precedence.
Buyer’s Premium: The amount charged by Us from the winning bidder for services rendered by Us, in accordance with these conditions for sale, in connection with the purchase of the Lots by the winning bidder.
GST: Goods and Services Tax
Lot/Lots: A property, including an Antiquity, to be offered at the auction, or two or more properties/ Antiquities to be offered at the auction as a group.
MobileApp: Mobile application developed by Saffronart, in Saffronart’s capacity as Our service provider providing a mobile auction platform for the auction.
Our/Us/We: Saffronart Management Corporation, acting either on its own behalf, or as a representative of any of its Affiliates.
Reserve Price: The minimum price that a seller has communicated to Us as being acceptable for the sale of a Lot through the auction.
Sale Price: The price at which a property is sold to the winning bidder, exclusive of the Buyer’s Premium, applicable taxes on sale of properties and other additional charges that may be incurred by Us, if any, including shipping and handling of the property and additional levies.
Rules: The Antiquities and Art Treasure Rules, 1973 and any amendments made thereto from time to time.
Technical Downtime: The time period during which the Website or its server is not in operation due to a malfunction.
Website: Saffronart’s Website (www.saffronart.com), in Saffronart’s capacity as Our service provider providing an online auction platform for the auction.