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Haku Shah
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Haku Shah is a well-known figurative painter of the Baroda School and an authority on folk and tribal art. Cultural roots of the family and the prevailing social, spiritual environment around were sources of major influences on Shah's life and art.
Since his early childhood Shah was interested in painting, music, poetry and drama. He made wall paintings for mass awakening and even helped to stage an exhibition of paintings,...
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Haku Shah is a well-known figurative painter of the Baroda School and an authority on folk and tribal art. Cultural roots of the family and the prevailing social, spiritual environment around were sources of major influences on Shah's life and art.
Since his early childhood Shah was interested in painting, music, poetry and drama. He made wall paintings for mass awakening and even helped to stage an exhibition of paintings, depicting the exploitation in the society, which toured many villages.
Shah strongly holds that art exists where life throbs and thrives. It is no surprise, then, that the natural simplicity and spontaneity of rural life fascinates him.
While teaching at the Gandhi Ashram in Gujarat, Haku Shah came in contact with the Rani Paraj tribe. He recognized the magical quality of the Rani Paraj images and collected many of them. Later, a stint at the National Institute of Design, Ahmeadabad, provided impetus to his mission of discovering tribal rituals, culture and their way of life. The Nehru Fellowship further enabled him to devote himself to this task.
He was also invited by Stella Kramrisch to assist her in presenting the exhibition 'Ritual Art in Tribe and Village - Art of Unknown India' in the United States. The exhibition acted as window for the people in the US to peep into the fascinating world of traditional Indian art and craft. He carried with him wonderful figurines of clay for the exhibition, many of which form a part of Kramrisch's legacy to the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Shah later set up a Folk Art Museum in Ahmedabad, and has also conceived and designed a multi art and crafts complex at Udaipur called Shilpgram.
Shah has published several books on traditional Indian pottery. He is the curator of the Museum for Tribal Cultures at the Gujarat Vidhyapeth (University), and a consultant of the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad. He has also been associated with the Museum of Mankind, London; the Tropical Museum, Amsterdam; and the Mingi International Museum of World Folk Art in San Diego, California.
Haku Shah is a painter of considerable individuality. His works may depict a ubiquitous blue shepherd with a staff across his shoulders, which could be a Fulani of West Africa, a Masai of Kenya, or a herdsman of Persia or Afghanistan. This is why Shah is frequently called a 'global' artist with a rural Indian touch. His simple images of trees, cows and flautists reflect his close relation to tribal art and also associate him with a world that knows no boundaries. He makes the images look so simple that a viewer may indeed be fooled into believing so, but the layers of thought processes beneath tell a different tale. His paintings reflect the apparent simplicity of rural life, which have given rise to astounding refinements in quality in all spheres. In the apparent flatness of pictorial space in Haku Shah's paintings, it is not merely the integration of the tribal conventions into the practices of the present.
Shah possesses an ever deepening interest in collecting art objects and documenting their techniques and functional background and encouraging their practice wherever feasible, moving from object to technique, technique to function, function to concept, and concept to background lore and beliefs.
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Born
March 26, 1934
Valod Surat District Gujarat
Died
March 21, 2019
Education
1959 Master of Fine Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University, Baroda
1955 Bachelor of Fine Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University, Baroda
Exhibitions
Selected Solo Exhibitions
2014 'Nitya Gandhi: Living...
Selected Solo Exhibitions
2014 'Nitya Gandhi: Living Reliving Gandhi', Cymroza Art Gallery, Mumbai
2008 Tao Art Gallery, Mumbai
2008 Emami Art, Kolkata
2008 Marvel Art Gallery, Ahmedabad
2007 ‘Maanush’, Art Indus Gallery,
2007 Time and Space Gallery, Bangalore
2006 Exhibition of Photographs, Alliance Francaise, Bangalore
2005 Centre for International Modern Art (CIMA), Kolkata
2005 Shridharani Gallery, New Delhi
2005 Marvel Art Gallery, Ahmedabad
2004 Coomarswamy Exhibition Hall, Chattrapati Shivaji Vastu Sangrahalaya, Mumbai
2004 Sarjan Art Gallery, Baroda
2002 Visual Art Gallery, India Habitat Centre, Mumbai
2000 Birla Academy of Art and Culture, Mumbai
2000 Time & Space Art Gallary,Banglore
1999 All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society (AIFACS), New Delhi.
1998 Durban Art Gallery, Cape Town.
1998 Lalit Kala Academy, Chandigarh
1997 Herwitz Art Gallery,Ahmedabad
1997 Art Indus, New Delhi
1997 The Village Gallery, New Delhi
1997 India International Centre, New Delhi.
1996,94 Cymroza Gallery, Mumbai.
1994 Exhibition of Photographs, National Centre for Performing Arts (NCPA), Mumbai
1994 Chemould Art Gallery, Mumbai
1993 Art Heritage, New Delhi.
1992 Exhibition of Photographs, Indian International Centre, New Delhi
1991 Bade Museum, Berkeley.
1982 Exhibition of Photographs, Sanskar Kendra, National Institute of Design (NID), Ahmedabad
1976 Gallery One, New York
1971,81 Sanskar Kendra, Ahmedabad
1969 City Art Museum, St. Louis
1968 Asia Foundation Gallery, San Francisco
1968 International House, Philadelphia
1967 Private Garden, New Delhi
1967,68,69,75 Gallery Chemould, Mumbai
1964,64 Academy of Fine Arts, Kolkata
1963,64 Jehangir Art Gallery, Mumbai
1961,62 Ashok Gallery, Kolkata
Selected Group Exhibitions
2013 'Still Life', Gallery Art Motif, New Delhi
2008 'Baroda: A Tale of Two Cities', (Part I), Sarjan Art Gallery, Vadodara
Participations
2010 'National Printmaking Portfolio', Marvel Art Gallery, Ahmedabad
Honours and Awards
2006 Gagan Avani Puraskar, Santiniketan
1998 Kala Shiromani, Lalit...
2006 Gagan Avani Puraskar, Santiniketan
1998 Kala Shiromani, Lalit Kala Akademi, Ahmedabad
1997 Kala Ratna, All India Fine Arts and Crafts Society (AIFACS), New Delhi
1991 Regent Professor, Davis School of Environment Design, University of California, USA
1989 Awarded Padma Shri by President of India for his Contribution to Art
1981 Retrospective Exhibition of Work and Collection organized as part of their Two Decades Celebration
1973 Civic Reception by the Municipal Corporation, Ahmedabad
1971-73 Nehru Fellowship Award for Research Work on Tribal Art, Gujarat
Awarded JD Rockfellar 3rd Fund Fellowship, USA
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On children and their creative powers
"We should give children a chance to paint, draw, sculpt, sing, dance or create whatever they want, and not curb their creative instincts," Haku Shah says. "When I tell students to create anything they think is best, they get stuck because they are conditioned to obey and act accordingly."
He mentions that in some of the temple cloth paintings done by the Vaghari folk...
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On children and their creative powers
"We should give children a chance to paint, draw, sculpt, sing, dance or create whatever they want, and not curb their creative instincts," Haku Shah says. "When I tell students to create anything they think is best, they get stuck because they are conditioned to obey and act accordingly."
He mentions that in some of the temple cloth paintings done by the Vaghari folk painters of Gujarat, their gods are placed in the centre with minor deities, musicians, ancestors and anecdotes occupying the space around. He says, "I showed my students slides of these paintings and asked them to create something similar on someone they loved. What they created was amazing work of art."
"A child can draw a human figure - his mother or father - very early in life, but art teachers will want the child to draw the leaf. Our pattern of schooling takes away the identity of self from children. Teachers don't realize that there is so much that they have to learn from students as well.
Our courses should be so designed that children get a scope for unleashing their creative energies. They should imbibe lessons on our rich cultural heritage. Visual elements like clay figures, floral designs and pottery should form a part of school curriculum. Such inputs are vital to enhance their creativity."
Aiming to achieve this goal, Haku Shah himself holds workshops for children and art students as well. He says, "It's an holistic approach to kindle the spirit of pure creativity with an aesthetic and educational value. I present slides and shows during the workshop to make the concept clear."
A case for promoting rural/tribal art and craft and the conflict within:
"The basics of rural/tribal art and craft need to be shared by people sensitive to it. Irrespective of their origin and their roots, a group of people, concerned about the subject, can share a unified vision of preserving and enhancing the value of traditional art and craft. The problems they are facing might not be vastly different so an interaction of such nature in a global context will prove immensely useful.
Of course, the intentions should be purely art-related and not commercial. Such exchanges should not remain mere gimmicks to make money. It should be like a give and take process in which ideas are shared. The spirit, the innocence, wherein lies the beauty of tribal/rural art, must remain untouched. This, of course, is a tricky issue. Commercial and artistic interests are bound to clash, but that's a conflict within. There are no easy answers.
I personally feel that money can do more harm than good. What is required is sensitivity and awareness on the subject. Money only cannot save the culture."
Globalization and the impact on rural/urban art and craft:
Despite persistent efforts, India's traditional art and craft is still not getting the attention it deserves. The outlook of the West towards it is still more curiosity oriented. The winds of globalization have not touched the traditional artisans as yet. Some say that it will spoil them.
Art has been a source of spiritual energy for our rural/tribal population over several generations. It has been an integral part of their life. It won't certainly harm them if the world knows about them and admire them. It can work the other way as we can also learn about traditional art and craft from other countries.
But as I said earlier, only those, who are sensitive about them, should interact with them. Mass production of the art to meet the market demands will make it hollow and lifeless. Our forefathers had those skills, precision and sincerity of purpose. We should not lose these virtues.
The need to document the rural/tribal art and craft:
I see a greater concern for preserving the traces from the past in other countries as compared to India. Ours has been a live culture and no structured efforts have been made to institutionalize it.
Museums in India are not equipped to store the vast treasure of our culture. They can play an active role in research, documentation and interaction in this sphere. There is an unlimited scope for such kind of an activity in India.
Presently, there is lack of authenticated sources to locate information on India's traditional art. For example, if someone wants to know about different pots, pillars, carts, cots or clay houses in India - all part of India's cultural milieu - it won't be easy.
The government can certainly play a more active role in the entire process. I am sure, there are people willing to devote themselves to the cause, if provided with funds and infrastructure.
Haku Shah passed away on 21st March 2019.
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